Ðåôåðàòû. Ôèíàíñû, äåíåæíîå îáðàùåíèå è êðåäèò (ëåêöèè)

Âàæíûì ýëåìåíòîì ïëàòåæíîãî áàëàíñà ÿâëÿþòñÿ áàëàíñèðóþùèå ñòàòüè, ê êîòîðûì îòíîñÿòñÿ ãîñóäàðñòâåííûå çîëîòîâàëþòíûå ðåçåðâû, âíåøíèå ãîñóäàðñòâåííûå çàéìû, êðåäèòû ìåæäóíàðîäíûõ âàëþòíî - ôèíàíñîâûõ îðãàíèçàöèé.

Ïëàòåæíûé áàëàíñ ïî òåêóùèì îïåðàöèÿì, áàëàíñ äâèæåíèÿ êàïèòàëîâ è êðåäèòîâ, à òàêæå äâèæåíèå çîëîòûõ è âàëþòíûõ ðåçåðâîâ îáðàçóþò îáùèé ïëàòåæíûé áàëàíñ ñòðàíû.

Îò ïëàòåæíîãî áàëàíñà ñëåäóåò îòëè÷àòü ðàñ÷åòíûé áàëàíñ, â êîòîðûé âõîäÿò âñå òðåáîâàíèÿ è îáÿçàòåëüñòâà ïî îòíîøåíèþ ê äðóãèì ñòðàíàì, ïî êîòîðûì íå ïðîèçâåäåíû ïëàòåæè.

Âíåøíÿÿ çàäîëæåííîñòü ñòðàíû â 1996 ã. ïðåâûñèëà 130 ìëðä. äîëëàðîâ ÑØÀ.

Äîëã áûâøèõ ñîöèàëèñòè÷åñêèõ ñòðàí è ðàçâèâàþùèõñÿ ãîñóäàðñòâ ñîñòàâëÿåò 140 ìëðä. äîëëàðîâ ÑØÀ (Êóáà, Ìîíãîëèÿ, Âüåòíàì, Èíäèÿ, Ñèðèÿ, Èðàê, Ëèâèÿ).






















ÎÃËÀÂËÅÍÈÅ

1. ÑÓÙÍÎÑÒÜ, ÔÓÍÊÖÈÈ È ÂÈÄÛ ÄÅÍÅà                                                        

1.1 ÑÓÙÍÎÑÒÜ È ÏÐÎÈÑÕÎÆÄÅÍÈÅ ÄÅÍÅà                                                                                               

1.2 ÔÓÍÊÖÈÈ ÄÅÍÅà                                                                                                                                              

ÔÓÍÊÖÈß ÄÅÍÅÃ ÊÀÊ ÌÅÐÛ ÑÒÎÈÌÎÑÒÈ                                                                                                

ÔÓÍÊÖÈß ÄÅÍÅÃ ÊÀÊ ÑÐÅÄÑÒÂÀ ÎÁÐÀÙÅÍÈß                                                                                       

ÔÓÍÊÖÈß ÄÅÍÅÃ ÊÀÊ ÑÐÅÄÑÒÂÎ ÍÀÊÎÏËÅÍÈß È ÑÁÅÐÅÆÅÍÈß                                                    

ÔÓÍÊÖÈÈ ÄÅÍÅÃ ÊÀÊ ÑÐÅÄÑÒÂÎ ÏËÀÒÅÆÀ                                                                                            

ÔÓÍÊÖÈß ÌÈÐÎÂÛÕ ÄÅÍÅà                                                                                                                           

1.3 ÂÈÄÛ ÄÅÍÅà                                                                                                                                                       

2.  ÄÅÍÅÆÍÎÅ ÎÁÐÀÙÅÍÈÅ È ÄÅÍÅÆÍÀß ÑÈÑÒÅÌÀ                                 

2.1 ÏÎÍßÒÈÅ ÄÅÍÅÆÍÎÃÎ ÎÁÐÀÙÅÍÈß                                                                                                       

2.2 ÇÀÊÎÍ ÄÅÍÅÆÍÎÃÎ ÎÁÐÀÙÅÍÈß.  ÄÅÍÅÆÍÀß ÌÀÑÑÀ È ÑÊÎÐÎÑÒÜ ÎÁÐÀÙÅÍÈß ÄÅÍÅà    

2.3 ÄÅÍÅÆÍÀß ÑÈÑÒÅÌÀ È ÅÅ ÝËÅÌÅÍÒÛ                                                                                                   

ÝËÅÌÅÍÒÛ ÄÅÍÅÆÍÎÉ ÑÈÑÒÅÌÛ                                                                                                             

2.4 ÌÅÆÄÓÍÀÐÎÄÍÀß ÄÅÍÅÆÍÀß ÑÈÑÒÅÌÀ                                                                                           

2.5 ÄÅÍÅÆÍÀß ÑÈÑÒÅÌÀ ÐÎÑÑÈÉÑÊÎÉ ÔÅÄÅÐÀÖÈÈ                                                                          

2.6 ÈÍÔËßÖÈß È ÔÎÐÌÛ ÅÅ ÏÐÎßÂËÅÍÈß                                                                                             

3. ÔÈÍÀÍÑÛ È ÔÈÍÀÍÑÎÂÀß ÑÈÑÒÅÌÀ                                                       

3.1. ÑÓÙÍÎÑÒÜ ÔÈÍÀÍÑΠ                                                                                                                           

3.2. ÌÀÒÅÐÈÀËÜÍÀß ÎÑÍÎÂÀ ÔÈÍÀÍÑÎÂÛÕ ÎÒÍÎØÅÍÈÉ                                                          

3.3. ÔÓÍÊÖÈÈ ÔÈÍÀÍÑΠ                                                                                                                               

3.4. ÔÈÍÀÍÑÎÂÀß ÑÈÑÒÅÌÀ ÐÔ                                                                                                                    

3.4.1. ÏÎÍßÒÈÅ ÔÈÍÀÍÑÎÂÎÉ ÑÈÑÒÅÌÛ È ÊÐÀÒÊÀß ÕÀÐÀÊÒÅÐÈÑÒÈÊÀ ÅÅ ÇÂÅÍÜÅ       

3.4.2. ÌÅÒÎÄÛ ÎÐÃÀÍÈÇÀÖÈÈ ÔÈÍÀÍÑΠ                                                                                              

3.5. ÔÈÍÀÍÑÎÂÀß ÏÎËÈÒÈÊÀ È ÓÏÐÀÂËÅÍÈÅ ÔÈÍÀÍÑÀÌÈ                                                      

3.5.1. ÔÈÍÀÍÑÎÂÀß ÏÎËÈÒÈÊÀ È ÅÅ ÂÈÄÛ                                                                                              

3.5.2. ÓÏÐÀÂËÅÍÈÅ ÔÈÍÀÍÑÀÌÈ                                                                                                                  

3.6. ÔÈÍÀÍÑÎÂÛÉ ÊÎÍÒÐÎËÜ                                                                                                                         

3.7. ÔÈÍÀÍÑÛ ÊÎÌÌÅÐ×ÅÑÊÈÕ ÎÐÃÀÍÈÇÀÖÈÉ È ÏÐÅÄÏÐÈßÒÈÉ                                                 

3.7.1. ÔÎÐÌÛ ÕÎÇßÉÑÒÂÎÂÀÍÈß Â ÓÑËÎÂÈßÕ ÐÛÍÊÀ                                                                      

3.7.2. ÏÐÈÍÖÈÏÛ ÎÐÃÀÍÈÇÀÖÈÈ ÔÈÍÀÍÑΠ                                                                                         

3.7.3. ÏÎÍßÒÈÅ ÔÈÍÀÍÑÎÂÎÃÎ ÐÅÇÓËÜÒÀÒÀ ÄÅßÒÅËÜÍÎÑÒÈ ÕÎÇßÉÑÒÂÓÞÙÅÃÎ ÑÓÁÚÅÊÒÀ  

3.7.4. ÎÏÐÅÄÅËÅÍÈÅ ÔÈÍÀÍÑÎÂÎÃÎ ÐÅÇÓËÜÒÀÒÀ                                                                              

3.8. ÔÈÍÀÍÑÎÂÛÅ ÐÅÑÓÐÑÛ ÄÅßÒÅËÜÍÎÑÒÈ ÊÎÌÌÅÐ×ÅÑÊÈÕ ÎÐÃÀÍÈÇÀÖÈÉ È ÏÐÅÄÏÐÈßÒÈÉ   

3.8.1. ÔÈÍÀÍÑÎÂÛÅ ÐÅÑÓÐÑÛ ÂÎÑÏÐÎÈÇÂÎÄÑÒÂÀ ÎÑÍÎÂÍÛÕ ÔÎÍÄΠ                                

3.8.2. ÈÑÒÎ×ÍÈÊÈ ÔÈÍÀÍÑÈÐÎÂÀÍÈß ÊÀÏÈÒÀËÜÍÛÕ ÂËÎÆÅÍÈÉ                                           

3.8.3. ÑÎÑÒÀ ÎÁÎÐÎÒÍÛÕ ÑÐÅÄÑÒÂ È ÈÑÒÎ×ÍÈÊÈ ÈÕ ÔÈÍÀÍÑÈÐÎÂÀÍÈß                          

3.8.4. ÐÀÑÏÐÅÄÅËÅÍÈÅ ×ÈÑÒÎÉ ÏÐÈÁÛËÈ                                                                                                

3.9. ÃÎÑÓÄÀÐÑÒÂÅÍÍÛÅ ÔÈÍÀÍÑÛ È ÈÕ ÕÀÐÀÊÒÅÐÈÑÒÈÊÀ                                                        

3.9.1 Ãîñóäàðñòâåííûé áþäæåò, åãî ñóùíîñòü.                                                                                          

3.9.2 Áþäæåòíîå óñòðîéñòâî                                                                                                                           

3.9.3. Áþäæåòíûé ïðîöåññ (ÁÏ).                                                                                                                     

3.9.4. Èñïîëíåíèå áþäæåòà                                                                                                                             

3.9.5. Ñîñòàâ è ñòðóêòóðà ðàñõîäîâ Ôåäåðàëüíîãî  áþäæåòà  ÐÔ                                                           

3.9.6. Ñîñòàâ è ñòðóêòóðà äîõîäîâ Ôåäåðàëüíîãî  áþäæåòà  ÐÔ                                                             

3.9.7. Áþäæåòíûé äåôèöèò                                                                                                                               

3.10 ÃÎÑÓÄÀÐÑÒÂÅÍÍÛÉ ÊÐÅÄÈÒ                                                                                                                

3.10.1 Ãîñóäàðñòâåííûé êðåäèò                                                                                                   

3.10.2 Ðîññèéñêàÿ Ôåäåðàöèÿ  êàê çàåìùèê                                                                                                

3.10.3 Ðîññèéñêàÿ Ôåäåðàöèÿ  êàê ãàðàíò                                                                                                     

3.10.4 Ðîññèéñêàÿ Ôåäåðàöèÿ  êàê êðåäèòîð                                                                                                

4. ÂÍÅÁÞÄÆÅÒÍÛÅ ÑÏÅÖÈÀËÜÍÛÅ ÔÎÍÄÛ

4.1. ÏÅÍÑÈÎÍÍÛÉ ÔÎÍÄ ÐÔ                                                                                                                            

4.2. ÔÎÍÄ ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÎÃÎ ÑÒÐÀÕÎÂÀÍÈß (ÔÑÑ ÐÔ)                                                                         

4.3. ÃÎÑÓÄÀÐÑÒÂÅÍÍÛÉ ÔÎÍÄ ÇÀÍßÒÎÑÒÈ ÍÀÑÅËÅÍÈß ÐÔ (ÃÔÇÍ)                                        

4.4. ÔÎÍÄÛ ÎÁßÇÀÒÅËÜÍÎÃÎ ÌÅÄÈÖÈÍÑÊÎÃÎ ÑÒÐÀÕÎÂÀÍÈß ÐÔ (ÔÎÌÑ)                       

5. ÍÀËÎÃÎÂÀß ÑÈÑÒÅÌÀ ÐÔ                                                                    

5.1. ÎÁÙÈÅ ÏÎËÎÆÅÍÈß                                                                                                                                   

5.2. ÍÀËÎÃÎÂÀß ÑÈÑÒÅÌÀ                                                                                                                               

6. ÊÐÅÄÈÒ È ÅÃÎ ÔÓÍÊÖÈÈ.                                                                                 

6.1. ÊÐÅÄÈÒ ÊÀÊ ÔÎÐÌÀ ÄÂÈÆÅÍÈß ÑÑÓÄÍÎÃÎ ÊÀÏÈÒÀËÀ.                                                       

6.2. ÁÀÇÎÂÛÅ ÔÓÍÊÖÈÈ ÊÐÅÄÈÒÀ.                                                                                                              

6.3. ÎÑÍÎÂÍÛÅ ÔÎÐÌÛ ÊÐÅÄÈÒÀ È ÅÃÎ ÊËÀÑÑÈÔÈÊÀÖÈß.                                                        

6.4. ÊÐÅÄÈÒÍÀß ÑÈÑÒÅÌÀ.                                                                                                                                

6.6.1. ÊÎÌÌÅÐ×ÅÑÊÈÅ ÁÀÍÊÈ È ÈÕ ÎÏÅÐÀÖÈÈ                                                                                      

6.6.2. ÏÀÑÑÈÂÍÛÅ ÎÏÅÐÀÖÈÈ ÊÎÌÌÅÐ×ÅÑÊÈÕ ÁÀÍÊΠ                                                                 

6.6.3. ÀÊÒÈÂÍÛÅ ÎÏÅÐÀÖÈÈ ÊÎÌÌÅÐ×ÅÑÊÈÕ ÁÀÍÊΠ                                                                    

6.6.4. ÏÐÎ×ÈÅ ÎÏÅÐÀÖÈÈ ÁÀÍÊΠ                                                                                                               

6.7. ÖÅÍÒÐÀËÜÍÛÉ ÁÀÍÊ ÐÎÑÑÈÈ È ÅÃÎ ÔÓÍÊÖÈÈ                                                                           

7. ÐÛÍÎÊ ÖÅÍÍÛÕ ÁÓÌÀà                                                                                   

7.1. ÖÅÍÍÛÅ ÁÓÌÀÃÈ                                                                                                                                           

7.2. ÐÛÍÎÊ ÖÅÍÍÛÕ ÁÓÌÀà                                                                                                                           

7.3. ÊËÀÑÑÈÔÈÊÀÖÈß ÐÛÍÊΠÖÅÍÍÛÕ ÁÓÌÀà ÏÎ ÂÈÄÀÌ ÏÐÈÌÅÍßÅÌÛÕ ÒÅÕÍÎËÎÃÈÉ ÒÎÐÃÎÂËÈ    

7.4. Ó×ÀÑÒÍÈÊÈ ÐÛÍÊÀ ÖÅÍÍÛÕ ÁÓÌÀà                                                                                               

8. ÌÅÆÄÓÍÀÐÎÄÍÛÅ ÂÀËÞÒÍÎ - ÔÈÍÀÍÑÎÂÛÅ È ÊÐÅÄÈÒÍÛÅ ÎÒÍÎØÅÍÈß   

8.1. ÌÈÐÎÂÀß ÂÀËÞÒÍÀß ÑÈÑÒÅÌÀ È ÅÅ ÌÎÄÈÔÈÊÀÖÈß                                                             

8.2. ÂÀËÞÒÍÀß ÑÈÑÒÅÌÀ ÐÎÑÑÈÈ                                                                                                              

8.3. ÏËÀÒÅÆÍÛÉ ÁÀËÀÍÑ ÐÎÑÑÈÈ                                                                                                              

 










Ñòðàíèöû: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26



2012 © Âñå ïðàâà çàùèùåíû
Ïðè èñïîëüçîâàíèè ìàòåðèàëîâ àêòèâíàÿ ññûëêà íà èñòî÷íèê îáÿçàòåëüíà.