The students are taught by highly-qualified stuff of teachers. Theoretical and practical training on enterprises is combined with scientific work. They operate modern equipment, read scientific literature which deals with their specialty. All these help to turn a student into a highly-skilled bookkeeper, ready for independent work.
6. Try to remember the most frequently used expressions with the verb `to be' and sentences with them:
To be in two minds сумніватися
To be of importance мати значення
To be of interest представляти інтерес
To be on іти (про спектакль, фільм)
To be on duty бути черговим
To be over закінчуватись
To be present (at) бути присутнім
To be ready (for) бути готовим (до)
To be responsible (for) бути відповідальним (за)
To be right бути правим
To be sorry for шкодувати (про)
To be sure (of) бути впевненим (в)
To be surprised (at) здивуватися
To be thirsty хотіти пити
To be tired (of) бути стомленим
To be through (with) закінчити (щось)
To be under construction будуватися
To be under consideration розглядатися
To be under discussion обговорюватися
To be under way відбуватися
To be up закінчитися
To be upset бути засмученим
To be worried хвилюватися
To be wrong помилятися
Lesson 3
1. Read and translate the text into Ukrainian:
Languages for Other Tasks
Some languages are very well suited to tasks that are hard to do in BASIC. For example, FORTRAN is a language that is very similar to BASIC, but it is better for scientific applications. FORTRAN contains commands that make it easier to do engineering problems and use mathematics for solving scientific problems. It allows the programmer to program mathematical formulas more easily than does BASIC. FORTRAN is available for some microcomputers.
COBOL is a language that was developed mainly for large computers and may be available on a few microcomputers. It is designed for business uses and is particularly good for report writing. It makes it easy to set up very complicated reports with rows and columns, and to print these on a screen or a printer.
Assembly language
The language described so far are called high-level languages because they are far removed from the low-level machine language binary command that the computer can understand directly. Many students who begin with BASIC go on to learn to write assembly-language programs. Assembly language is not a high-level language. It is much closer to the machine language of the computer.
In assembly language you work with what you might think of as building blocks to create your program. Because you can use these blocks in many ways, you can create commands that don't exist in BASIC. You can also control the computer directly and control external peripherals like home security systems through the computer. A program that is written in an assembly language also runs much faster than a program that is written in BASIC because it does not need to be interpreted like BASIC.
Assembly language can also be used to write programs that will run on several different computers. Any computer with the same computer chip will use the same assembly language.
Unfortunately, assembly language is very difficult to use. It takes much longer to write a program in assembly language than it does in any high-level language. Assembly language is not a structured language, so it is very difficult for someone else to understand your programs.
2. Translate the following words and word-combinations into Ukrainian:
To be suited to tasks; scientific applications; commands; to do engineering problems; scientific problems; to be available; complicated reports; on a screen; assembly language; security systems.
3. Find out which form-Present Continuous or Present Simple are correct in the following sentences:
1. Sometimes Tom (be) foolish. 2. I can't afford that ring. It (cost) too much. 3. Look. It (begin) to rain. Unfortunately, I (not, have) my umbrella with me. Tom is lucky. He (wear) a raincoat. 4. There's a book on my desk, but it (not belong) to me. 5. Who is that woman who (stand) next to the window?-Which woman? (You, talk) about the woman who (wear) the blue and gold dress? -No, I (talk, not) about her. I (mean) the woman who (wear) the blue suit. -Oh, I (not, know) her.
4. Translate into English:
1. Зараз я сиджу в класі. Вчора в цей час я читав детектив. 2. Я не слухав учителя, тому пропустив те, що він сказав. 3. Вони не запросили Сью на вечірку, тому вона і не прийшла. 4. - У тебе вчора був час написати листа? - Ні, не було. 5. Коли я відкрив посилку, то виявив там сюрприз. 6. Я не чув грозу, тому що спав. 7. Я не хотів нікуди йти, тому що йшов дощ. 8. Коли я прокинувся, яскраво світило сонце та співали пташки.
5. Read and translate the dialogue and use it in your own speech:
A Bus Ride
Charles: Now come along, James. I'm going to take you for a bus-ride through London. Cheap and instructive.
James: Good idea.
Ch: We'll go on top. You see more. In the good old days the top of the bus was open. Still, we can see a good deal.
Conductor: Fares, please.
Ch: What's the fair to Victoria Station?
Conductor: Four pence, please.
Ch: Now we're going over London Bridge. Look, James, there's a `Pool'. Fascinating place, with all the shipping.
J: Yes, I remember that.
Ch: And there's the Monument. It was erected…
J: In memory of the Great Fire, which started in Fish Street in 17th century.
Ch: You know too much. Look, there's the Bank… Passing along Cannon Street, we reach St. Paul's…
J: Erected by sir Christopher Wren after the Great Fire. That's the Temple, isn't it?
Ch: Yes, where the lawyers live. Now the bus makes a spurt and we arrive at Trafalgar Square-the National Gallery-finest collection of pictures in Europe.
J: Want to get out?
Ch: No, thank you. Over there is the Haymarket, leading to the theater land and Shaftsbury Avenue, Piccadilly Circus and the shopping district.
J: My turn. On the left, the House of Parliament, containing the House of Lords and the House of Commons…
Ch: And Westminster Abbey, begun by Edward the Confessor. When?
J: I've no idea.
Ch: I do like a bus-ride with the intelligent guide! Victoria Street.
J: Nothing much to say here.
Ch: Look at all the people leaving the continent. Biggest station.
J: You're wrong here. Leipzig is bigger.
6. Try to remember the most frequently used expressions with the verb `to have' and sentences with them:
To have breakfast снідати
To have lunch снідати другий раз
To have dinner обідати
To have supper вечеряти
To have coffee (tea) пити каву (чай)
To have soup (beefsteak, salad) їсти суп (біфштекс, салат)
To have a snack перекусити
To have a drink випити
To have a smoke покурити
To have a (good, nice, high) time (добре, чудово) провести час
To have a thin time мати неприємності
To have a quarrel посваритися
To have a row поскандалити
To have a talk поговорити
To have a walk прогулятися пішки
To have a look at подивитись на
To have a bath прийняти ванну
To have a shower прийняти душ
To have a rest відпочити
To have a break (time-out) зробити перерву
To have a rough time терпіти важкі часи
To have a meal поїсти
Lesson 4
Computer Trespassing
Breaking into a computer system (using it when you don't have the permission) is a crime. It s called computer trespassing.
People break into computer systems for many reasons. They might do it to find our private records, to change or destroy information, to steal money or goods, or simply to show they know how to do it.
Computer trespassing is a serious problem. Important information ranging from medical records to top secret military information is often stored in computer systems. If someone changes, destroys, or steals the information, he or she might cause a serious damage. For example, trespasser in a hospital computer system might endanger a patient's health by changing his or her medical records. In a case of a government computer system, a computer trespasser might threaten national security by stealing military information. A trespasser in a bank's computer system might steal millions of dollars.
How can we prevent computer trespassing? One way to prevent information stored in computer systems is to use passwords or number codes. The words or codes are programmed into the computer system. The system will admit only those people who enter the correct code. An alarm alerts a security guard if someone enters an incorrect code more than once.
The computer systems use cryptography (secret writing) to protect information. Such systems store information in the computer in coded or scrambled form. F you don't know how to scramble the information, it is meaningless.
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