e.g. Well, Major, if you should send me to a difficult spot - with this man alone, I'd feel secure.
If in the subordinate clause the mood auxiliary should is used, we often find the Indicative Mood in the principal clause.
e.g. If he should come, ask him to wait.
In sentences of unreal condition referring to the Past Perfect of the Indicative Mood is used in the subordinate clause; in the principal clause we find the analytical subjunctive consisting of the mood auxiliary should or would and the Perfect Infinitive.
e.g. If I had consulted my own interests, I should never have come here.
There are two mixed types of sentences of unreal condition. In the first of these the condition refers to the past and the consequence refers to the present or future.
e.g. If you had taken your medicine yesterday, you would be well now.
In the second type the condition refers to no particular time and the consequence to the past.
e.g. If he were not so absent-minded, he would not have mistaken you for your sister.
In sentences of unreal condition the modal verbs might and cold are often used; they fully retain their modal meaning and therefore they do not form the analytical subjunctive.
Here we have the group «modal verb + Infinitive» which forms a compound verbal modal predicate, whereas the analytical subjunctive forms a simple predicate.
e.g. I could have done very well if I had been without the Murdstones.
Would, when used in the subordinate clause of a sentence of unreal condition, is also a modal verb forming with the infinitive a compound verbal modal predicate.
e.g. If you would come and see us…, mother would be as proud of your company as I should be.
The conjunctions introducing adverbial clauses of condition are: if, in case, provided, suppose, unless, and some others.
e.g. Suppose he wrote to you, would you answer?
Adverbial clauses of condition containing the verbs had, were, could and should are often introduced without any conjunctions. In these cases we find inversion.
e.g. Should he come this way, I will speak to him.
The Subjunctive Mood is used in sentences expressing what may be understood as an unreal consequence, the condition of which is not expressed as such.
e.g. There was no piano… because it would have taken up much room.
· The Subjunctive Mood is used in adverbial clauses of purpose.
When a clause of purpose is introduced by the conjunctions that, so that, in order that, we find the analytical subjunctive with the mood auxiliary may(might) if the principal clause refers to the present of future; if the principal clause refers to the past, only the form might is used.
As has already been stated, the mood auxiliary may(might) retains in this case a shade of modality.
e.g. He got up, cautiously, so that he might not wake the sleeping boy.
If a clause of purpose is introduced by lest the mood auxiliary should (for all persons) is generally used. Lest has a negative meaning (чтобы не).
e.g. She opened the window lest it should be stuffy in the room.
· The Subjunctive Mood is used in adverbial clauses of concession.
Adverbial clauses of concession are introduced by the conjunctions and connectives though, although, however, no matter, whatever, whoever, etc. The analytical subjunctive with the mood auxiliary may (might) is generally used.
e.g. Though he may (might) be tired he will go to the concert.
If the action of the subordinate clause is prior to that of the principal clause the Perfect Infinitive is generally used.
e.g. However badly he may have behaved to you in the past he is still your brother.
· The Subjunctive Mood is used in adverbial clauses of time and place
after the conjunctions whenever and wherever; in these cases the clauses have an additional concessive meaning.
e.g. Whenever you may (might) come, you are welcome.
· The Subjunctive Mood is used in adverbial clauses of comparison (or manner) introduced by the conjunctions as if and as though (the latter is more literary).
If the action of subordinate clause is simultaneous with that of the principal clause the Past Subjunctive of the verb to be is used; with other verbs the same meaning is expressed by the Past Indefinite of the Indicative Mood.
e.g. She speaks about him as if she knew him well.
If the action of the subordinate clause is prior to that of the principal clause the Past Perfect of the Indicative Mood is used.
e.g. She speaks about him as if she had known him for years.
· The Subjunctive Mood is used in predicative clauses:
a) introduced by the conjunctions as if, as though, when we find the link verbs to be, to fell, to look, to seem, etc. in the principal clause.
e.g. I fell as if we were back seven years, Jon.
b) when the subject of the principal clause is expressed by an abstract noun such as wish, suggestion, aim, idea, etc. In this case the analytical subjunctive with the mood auxiliary should (for all persons) is used.
e.g. One of the conditions was that I should go abroad.
· The Subjunctive Mood is used in subject clause after a principal clause of the type It is necessary, It is important, etc.
It is necessary
It is important
It is right
It is requested
It is recommended that smb. should do smth.
It is obligatory
It is better (best)
It is desirable
It is of vital importance
The analytical subjunctive with the mood auxiliary should is used for all persons.
e.g. It was necessary that the child's history should be known to none.
· The Subjunctive Mood is used in object clauses:
a) When the predicate of the principal clause is expressed by the verb to
wish. If the action expressed in the object clause is simultaneous with that of the principal clause the Past Subjunctive of the verb to be is used; with other verbs the same meaning is expressed by the Past Indefinite of the Indicative Mood.
e.g. I wish I were a girl again.
If the action expressed in the object clause is prior to that of the principal clause the Past Perfect of the Indicative Mood is used.
e.g. Auntie, I wish I had not done it.
The analytical subjunctive with the mood auxiliary would (for all persons) is also used in object clauses the verb to wish. This form is used only in sentences referring to the present or future; it is possible only if the subject of the principle clause is not the same as the subject of the object clause. It is chiefly used in sentences expressing request or annoyance.
e.g. I wish you would stay with me for a while.
b) The Subjunctive Mood is used in object clauses introduced by the
conjunction lest if in the principal clause the predicate is expressed by a verb denoting fear.
e.g. She fears lest she should be blamed.
After verbs denoting fear object clauses are often introduced by the conjunction that, in which case the Indicative Mood is used often with the modal verb may (might).
e.g. She fears that she will (would) be blamed.
c) The Subjunctive Mood is used in object clauses when we find verbs
and Word-groups denoting order, suggestion, advice, desire, etc. in the principal clause. The analytical subjunctive with the mood auxiliary should (for all persons) is used.
Suggest
Propose
Demand
Desire
Insist that smth. should be done
To be anxious
See to it
Order
Require
Make up one's mind
e.g. Mr. Micawber was very anxious that I should stay to dinner.
· The Subjunctive Mood is used in attributive appositive clauses modifying the nouns wish, suggestion, aim, idea, etc. The analytical subjunctive with the mood auxiliary should (for all persons) is used.
e.g. His wish that everybody should take part in the work was reasonable.
· The Subjunctive Mood is also used in attributive clauses modifying the noun time in the principal clause It is time, It is high time. In this case the Past Subjunctive of the verb to be is used; with other verbs the same meaning is expressed by the Past Indefinite of the Indicative Mood.
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