English has the only suffix - ess which is used to denote feminine gender.e.g.: host-ess, actr-ess, waitr-ess, princ-ess, lion-ess, and tiger-ess. Feminine gender in Uzbek may often be expressed by means of the suffix- a which is supposed to be of Arabic origin e.g.: - раис_а, вазир_а, шоир_а, муаллим_а, котиб_а etc.

In order denote the gender syntactic way is also possible. In this case different kinds of combinations of words are formed in which adjunct word (modifier) usually denotes the sex of the head word. e.g.: man servant - ?арол, amid servant_оксоч, boy friend-ў?ил бола урто?, girl friend-?из бола ўрто?, tom cat_еркак мушук, tabby cat_ур?очи мушук, he-wolf_еркак бўри, she wolf_ур?очи бўри, he goat_така, she goat_она ечки, etc. As is seen from these examples English gender denoted by a syntactic combination (man servant she goat can be expressed in Uzbek both by syntactically and lexically, (?арол, она ечки).

In most cases gender can be expressed lexically, i.e. by the stem of the noun only. e.g.: father_ота, uncle_амаки, niece - (?из) жиян, sister-in-law_келин, lord_жаноб, also names of animals, such as mare_бия, tiger - (арка) йўлбарс, ram-?ўч?ор, etc. Names of people can also denote the gender of the person who owns this name. e.g.: Arthur, Christopher, John - А?маджон, Ба?одир, Ша?обиддин denoting male being and Mary, Christine, Nelly, - Сайера, Мехринисо, Гулоим, etc.

Nouns denoting various kinds of vessels (ship, boat, yacht, life-raft), the noun `car`, as well as the names of countries are sometimes referred to as feminine gender, i.e. by means of `she`. This fact is usually called personification. e.g.:

a. Sam joined the famous whaler `Globe`. She was a ship on which any young man would be proud to sail.

b. England prides herself with her greenness and tidiness.

Such nouns as masculine gender. Nouns like `nature, country, mercy, faith, hope, modesty` are used as feminine gender.

1.8 Typological category of plurality

The system of grammatical forms expressing grammatical degree (number) is termed (called) the category of plurality. This category. In comparing languages the formants indicating this category are usually added to the stem of nouns (or pronouns). WE should distinguish the logical number (degree) and grammatical number. From the logical point of view proper nouns usually denote a single thing or a person. e.g.: John, Собир, London, Тўйтепа, etc. The common nouns are used to denote common type of things, of course, logically more than one.

As we know that the category of plurality denotes more than oneness of things, people or phenomena. Grammatically it can be based in English on the opposition of `zero morpheme and the suffix - s, - en, and root changing abilities of some nouns: i.e. - s, - en, in Uzbek it is based on the opposition of zero morpheme and suffix - лар, i.e. - лар. Among the parts of speech this category is distinguished grammatically by nouns, pronouns and verbs. In comparing languages this category may also be denoted lexically by numerals. (i.e. two, fifteen, thirty, thousand_иккт, ўн беш, ўттиз, минг) Numerals are not used in the grammatical plural forms because in the plural form they became substantive zed i.e. they become nouns (икктлар, олтичилар).

It should be kept in mind that there are languages having `dual` and `trial` numbers pronouns - ic-wif-we where wit denoted a dual number)

Plurality of nouns. Uzbek nouns and pronouns usually denote this number by means of suffix - лар (eg: одам - лар, мутта?ам-лар) Which can sometimes be used also to denote respect to a person who is spoken about. e.g.: Дадамлар келдилар. (But you have to keep in mind that you can't have mote than one father).

English nouns can express the notion of plurality in the following ways:

a) by means of suffixes:

- s, - es (wife-wives, head-heads)

- en (ox-oxen, child-children, brother-brotheren);

- a datum-data, sanatorium-sanatoria, phenomenon-phenomena) etc.

b) by changing the root vowel (man-men, goose-geese)

Plurality of verbs The English verbs can denote the notion of plurality in the following ways:

a) by opposing the finite verbs in the third person singular to the other forms with zero morpheme: live-s live#

b) by means of suppletive forms of auxiliary verbs:

am, is-are; was-were; have-has-had;

The Uzbek verbs usually express plurality by means of the following suffixes:

a) - лар (келди) лар;

б) - миз, - сиз, - гниз, дилар (бора-миз, келадилар);

с) - ш, - иш (кел-ишди);

This category can be expressed by means of personal pronouns in both languages; Cl.: I-we; me-us; he/she/ it-they; In Uzbek:мен-бизж сен-сизлар; у-улар.

Lexically this category may be expressed in both languages with the help of numerals. e.g.: anmy-?зниш, dual_иккилик, majority_кўпчилик, family_оила, pair_жуфт, double_икки (лантирилган), etc.

Plurality can sometimes be expressed by means of prepositions (between, among_орасида, ўртасида)_adverbs (arm-in-arm_йўлланилиб), indefinite pronouns (some_бир неча, анча, бироз), verbs (join-?ўшилмо? бирлашмо?, gathe_тўпламо?), get together - йи?или? unite - бирлашмо?) also by quantitative markers (two-seater, many staged, two-storeyed): and in Uzbek (кўпхад, ?ўшари?, учкўприк).

2.9. Typological category of person

The category of person should be dealt with in close connection with the category of number (plurality). Because in the languages of Indo-European family these categories are expressed by one and the same morpheme simultaneously i.e. a morpheme denoting number at the same time expresses person as well. For instance, in Latin the morpheme-n+ in such forms as amant, habent, Legunt, amabant, habebunt, etc. expresses simultaneously the third person and the plural number.

In the comparing languages the category of person is a characteristic feature of pronouns and verbs. They (languages) make distinction between the three classes of personal pronouns denoting respectively the person(s) spoken to (the second person) and the person(s) (or things) spoken about (the third person).

singular plural

1_person-the speaker the speaker and same other people

2_person-a person spoken to more than one people spoken to

3_person-a person of a thing spoken about some people or things spoken about

The category of person in verbs is represented by the 1st, 2nd, 3rd person and it expresses the relations between the speaker, the person or people spoken to and other person or people spoken about. However this system doesn't hold good for the modern English verb and this is for two reasons:

1) there is no distinction of persons in the plural number. Thus the form live may within the plural number be connected with a subject of any person e.g.

you} live

we

they

2) there is no distinction of numbers in the 1_and 2 - person. Thus the form «live» in these person may refer to both one and more than one subject. Thus the opposition all other persons expresses relation of the 3rd with any person of both numbers i.e. stem-s \ stem - i. The marked member of the position differs greatly from that of imparked in form and in meaning, It should be kept in mind that in the Subjunctive mood that form «live» denotes any person of both numbers.

The ending `s' having four meanings to express simultaneously is of course a synthetic feature standing rather by itself in the general structure of Modern English.

There a special subclass of the English verbs which do not fit into the system of person and number described above and they must be treated separately both in a practical study of the language and in theoretical analysis. They are called modal verbs `can, may, must' etc. Being delective verbs they do not admit any suffix to their stem and do not denote any person or number and usually accompany the notional verbs in speech giving them additional meanings of notions as ability permission, necessity or obligation etc.

The verb «be» has a system of its own both in the present indicative and in the past

There is own more special class of the English verbs called impersonal verbs. Having the suffix - s in the third person singular of the present simple they do not denote any person or thing as the doer of the action. Such verbs usually denote natural phenomena such as to rain, to hail to snow to drizzle, to thunder, to lighten, to warm up, e.g. it often rains in autumn. It is thundering and lightening.

The personal system of the Uzbek verbs is as follows

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