c) Nouns in some set expressions use without an article.
1. out of doors -- на дворе, на улице, вне дома
The children spent most of the time out of doors.
2. to take to heart -- принимать близко к сердцу
Don't take things too much to heart.
3. to take offence -- обижаться
If he had heard your remark, he would have taken offence.
4. to"1 give (to get, to asft) per mission-- дать (получить, просить) разрешение
I asked permission to keep the book a little longer.
5. to lose heart --терять мужество, приходить в уныние
He found the subject very difficult at first, but he did not lose heart.
6. at present -- в настоящее время
You may go home, we don't want you at present.
7. from morning till night--с утра до вечера
He worked in his litte garden from morning till night.
8. from head to foot --с головы до ног
She was dressed in furs from liead to foot.
9. from beginning to end -- с начала до конца
The whole story is a lie from beginning to end.
10. at first sight -- с первого взгляда
He fell in love with her- at first sight.
11. by chance -- случайно
They met quite by chance.
12. by mistake -- по ошибке
I have brought the wrong book by mistake.
13. for hours --часами
He could read for hours.
14. for ages --целую вечность
I have not seen you for ages.
15. by land, by air, by sea -- сушей, по воздуху, морем
I like travelling by sea.
16. to go to sea -- стать моряком
My sister wants to be a doctor, and my brother wants to go to sea.
17. on deck -- на палубе
We spent hours on deck.
18. to keep house --вести хозяйство
Her sister keeps house for her.
19. at sunrise --на рассвете
We left the town at sunrise.
20. at sunset -- на закате
We arrived at the village at sunset.
21. at work --за работой
Whenever I come, he is always at work.
22. at peace -- в мире
We want to be at peace with all countries.
2.3.3. Test Exercises
Test 1
Make personal nouns from these words.
1. drama (____ = someone who writes plays)
2. guard (____ = a person who cares for persons or property)
3. police (____ = a member of a police force)
4. botany (____ = a biologist specializing in the study of plants)
5. surgery (____ = a physician who specializes in surgery)
6. diet (____ = a specialist in the study of nutrition)
7. idealism (____ = someone guided more by ideals than by practical considerations)
8. technique (____ = someone known for high skill in some intellectual or artistic technique)
9. mathematics (____ = a person skilled in mathematics)
10. accounting (____ = someone who maintains and audits business accounts)
11. drug (____ = a health professional trained in the art of preparing and dispensing drugs)
12. essay (____ = a writer of literary works)
13. shoe (____ = a person who makes or repairs shoes)
14. satire (____ = uses ridicule, irony, sarcasm)
15. beauty (____ = someone who works in a beauty parlour)
16. grammar (____ = a linguist who specializes in the study of grammar and syntax)
17. dentistry (____ = a person qualified to practice dentistry)
18. assistance (____ = a person who helps someone do his job, providing him with practical support)
19. physics (____ = a licensed medical practitioner)
20. physics (____ = a scientist trained in physics)
21. technology (____ = a person who uses scientific knowledge to solve practical problems)
22. simple (____ = a person lacking intelligence or common sense)
23. serving (____ = a person working in the service of another)
24. senate (____ = a member of a senate)
25. realism (____ = a philosopher who believes that universals are real and exist independently of anyone thinking of them)
26. piano (____ = a person who plays the piano)
27. philosophy (____ = a specialist in philosophy, a wise person who is calm and rational)
28. pharmacy (____ = a health professional trained in the art of preparing and dispensing drugs)
29. novel (____ = someone who writes novels)
30. nationalism (____ = one who loves and is prepared to defend his or her country)
31. music (____ = someone who plays a musical instrument as a profession)
32. industrialism (____ = someone who manages or has significant financial interest in an industrial enterprise)
33. humanity (____ = someone devoted to the promotion of human welfare and to social reforms)
34. fire (____= a person who tends fires, a member of a fire department who tries to extinguish fires)
35. environment (____ = someone who works to protect the environment from destruction or pollution)
36. electric (____ = a person who installs or repairs electrical or telephone lines)
37. economy (____= an expert in the science of economics)
38. cycle (____ = a person who rides a bicycle)
39. communism (____ = a member of the communist party, a socialist who advocates communism)
40. biology (____ = a scientist who studies living organisms)
Right Answers:
1. dramatist
2. guardian
3. policeman
4. botanist
5. surgeon
6. dietician
7. idealist
8. technician
9. mathematician
10. accountant
11. druggist
12. essayist
13. shoemaker
14. satirist
15. beautician
16. grammarian
17. dentist
18. assistant
19. physician
20. Physicist
21. technologist
22. simpleton
23. servant
24. senator
25. realist
26. pianist
27. philosopher
28. pharmacist
29. novelist
30. nationalist
31. musician
32. industrialist
33. humanitarian
34. fire-fighter
35. environmentalist
36. electrician
37. economist
38. cyclist
39. communist
40. biologist
Test 2.
Point out right meaning of each noun
1. n. momentum
(a) a description or report of something as modified by one's character or opinion
(b) an impetus
(c) outward appearance
(d) an image or likeness
2. n. impertinence
(a) the change of endings in nouns and adjectives to express their different relations of gender
(b) set way of saying or doing something
(c) rudeness
(d) particular conduct or administration of affairs
3. n. discord
(a) absence of harmoniousness
(b) a performer of moral and social duties
(c) simultaneousness
(d) something that begins or expresses beginning
4. n. ultimatum
(a) carriage of the body in going
(b) a final statement or proposal, as concerning terms or conditions
(c) a mark for failure or bad conduct
(d) an instrument for recording the phenomena of earthquakes
5. n. auricle
(a) a person raving with madness
(b) one of the two chambers of the heart which receives the blood from the veins
(c) any dialectic pronunciation of English, especially that of the Irish people
(d) a great Hindu prince
6. n. entrails
(a) the galaxy
(b) that which moves the mind or inflames the passions
(c) the junction of two bodies at an equally divided angle
(d) internal parts of an animal
7. n. pentagon
(a) temporary diminution of a disease
(b) conduct directed against public order and the tranquillity of the state
(c) interpretation
(d) a figure, especially, with five angles and five sides
8. n. degradation
(a) diminution, as of strength or magnitude
(b) the setting forth of a subject under the guise of another subject of aptly suggestive likeness
(c) masculinity
(d) a brief treatise or essay, usually on a subject of current interest
9. n. opprobrium
(a) any growth of leaves
(b) a young goose
(c) a probability
(d) the state of being scornfully reproached or accused of evil
10. n. corpuscle
(a) a minute particle of matter
(b) subtle contrivance used to gain a point
(c) something added or to be added
(d) a god, goddess or divine person
Keys:
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